Inflammation of the prostate, or prostatitis, can be acute and chronic. Often, organ damage is caused by a specific or nonspecific infection, sometimes pathological changes develop as a result of congestion in the small pelvis. The main symptoms are urinary incontinence and decreased potency. Treatment should be comprehensive and include the use of medications and normalization of blood circulation in the pelvic organs in men.
Classification and characteristics of prostatitis
Prostate inflammation in men is a pathology that significantly reduces the patient's quality of life and provokes a number of severe complications from both the urinary and genital areas.
Prostatitis can be acute and chronic throughout the course. The latter can occur on its own (this happens more often) or is the result of an untreated acute process.
Classify prostate inflammation as follows:
- The first category, or acute bacterial prostatitis.
- The second is chronic bacterial inflammation.
- Third, or chronic abacterial prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). It is divided into 3A - inflammatory and 3B - non-inflammatory.
- Fourth is asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate gland.
The first and second categories are defined for patients with positive bacteriological studies. The difference is that the first is diagnosed when the symptoms last no more than 3 months. With the presence of longer clinical manifestations, chronic bacterial prostatitis is diagnosed.
The third category is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome, as the patient's main complaint is pain for at least 3 months. During examination of secretions (ejaculation, urine, glandular secretions after massage), pathological microflora was not detected. If there is an increase in the number of leukocytes in this analysis, inflammatory prostatitis (category 3A) is prescribed, with its normal content - non-inflammatory.
In most men, one of the above categories is identified, as patients seek help for the presence of certain pathological symptoms.
Recently, doctors have identified a fourth subtype of the disease - asymptomatic prostatitis. It is diagnosed by chance during a medical examination or when a man is examined for other diseases of the genitourinary system. The danger of this form lies in the fact that there are pathological changes in the prostate gland, but the disease shows no subjective signs. This condition often leads to the development of infertility.
Why there is a burning sensation in the urethra in men
Reason
Acute inflammation of the prostate in men occurs in 70% of cases due to E. coli infection.In other situations, pathology is caused by enterobacteria such as pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus. Staphylococci and streptococci are more rare.
From certain infections, neisseria gonorrheae and trichomonas vaginalis can cause acute prostatitis.
Contributing factors are:
- Performs various surgical interventions on the male genitourinary organs.
- Urethral narrowing due to chronic and acute inflammatory processes in the urethra.
- Perform diagnostic procedures - cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.
- Urinary incontinence due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Activation of opportunistic microflora (enterobacteria) becomes pathogenic under the influence of decreased immunity and other bodily diseases.
- Irregular sex life, which causes stagnation of secretions in the prostate gland.
Chronic inflammation
If chronic prostatitis appears as a continuation of the acute process, then the cause will be the same. If there is a form of the disease, the main predisposing factors are:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Clostridium.
- Gonorrhea and Trichomonas (can cause chronic forms immediately without an acute period).
- Salmonella.
- Various types of fungi.
In the mechanism of pathological appearance, an important role is played by phenomena such as intraprostatic reflux - urine reflux through the excretory tract to the prostate gland. As a result of this process, the infection can easily enter the organ, multiply and cause inflammation. Increase reflux:
- phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin);
- decrease in urethral lumen;
- balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin);
- blockage of the urethra with calculus in urolithiasis.
Reflux and irregular sexual activity increase the stagnant process in the prostate, leading to active reproduction of microorganisms, intensification and spread of inflammationAs a result, the area of fibrosis (replacement of normal tissue with dense connective tissue)and the formation of prostate cancer. All this enhances the pathological process and leads to serious consequences.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is synonymous with this disease and occurs in the absence of microorganisms in secretions detected by standard microbiological methods.
There are several theories about the appearance of pathology:
- infectious;
- chemical inflammation;
- immune.
Confirmation of infectious theory is that during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pathogenic DNA is detected in prostate gland secretion. However, microorganisms themselves are not detected by other microbiological methods.
Generally, with CPPS, the following bacterial genetic material is found:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum).
- Mycoplasma hominis.
- Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamidia trachomatis).
- Trichomonas vaginalis.
The theory of chemical inflammation describes CPPS as intraprostatic reflux, but in this case, the cause is not the bacteria, but the urine itself. Once in the prostate, it causes damage to the cell structure and an inflammatory response.
According to the immune theory, pathology occurs as a result of autoimmune processes or as a result of an immune response to the entry of foreign antigens into an organ.
In most cases, CPPS is caused not only by one, but by its complex effects.
Factors provoking asymptomatic prostatitis can be people who can cause the above categories, the only difference being in the form of the disease.
Symptoms
Acute bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland is characterized by the appearance of general and local symptoms.
Severe pain in the suprapubic area and in the perineum, as well as urinary incontinence until it stops completely, first. Of the common symptoms the patient is worried about body aches, sweating, chills, fever, weakness.
Sometimes pain only occurs during defecation or sitting. In some atypical cases, fever is the only sign of illness.
With severe prostate edema, acute urinary retention occurs. This is due to the fact that the organ with its enlarged size squeezes the urethra and forms a mechanical barrier for the outflow of bladder contents. At the same time, the general condition of the patient is deteriorating: the symptoms of poisoning increase every hour, and in severe cases, consciousness is disturbed and even coma may occur.
If the diagnosis is delayed, complications such as the formation of prostate abscess (suppuration) with penetration of pus into the urethra or rectum may occur. As a result, fistulas form, which require surgical intervention and reconstructive surgery.
Manifestations of chronic prostate bacterial inflammation
Manifestations of this form of the disease vary and range from complete absence of symptoms to aggravating processes.
In most cases, patients experience pain in the perineum and rectum of varying intensity, which can spread to the scrotum, sacrum, penis and thighs. . Sometimes the pain syndrome becomes paroxysmal, reminiscent of neuralgia.
Urethral discomfort and frequent urination are also observed. Discharge from the urethra is sometimes determined. They get worse during the day after walking, exercising, defecating, or prostate massage.
There is a feeling of heaviness, pressure, fullness in the rectum and perineum. These symptoms worsen after sitting for a long time. This form of the disease is characterized by the emergence of inflammatory processes in the urinary system, caused by the same microflora - cystitis, urethritis, pielonefritis.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis
CPPS is characterized by a clinical picture of chronic bacterial inflammation in the prostate.
Patients have been suffering from pelvic and perineum pain for more than 3 months, and the results of bacteriological examination are negative.Different types of urinary disorders are characteristic:
- urinate frequently;
- difficulty urinating (slow flow, requires extra effort);
- pain when urinating.
Occasionally there is sexual dysfunction - decreased libido, impotence.Common symptoms often appear in the form of weakness, headache.
Drug Treatment
Antibiotics are the main therapy. In the chronic process, drugs from the fluoroquinolones group are indicated. For acute prostatitis, beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides are prescribed.Treatment is carried out in 2 stages:
- Initially, empirical therapy is prescribed (before receiving culture). For this, third generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used.
- In the second stage, treatment is improved according to the bacteriological data obtained and the results for sensitivity to antibacterial agents.
This group of antibiotics is chosen because they penetrate the hematoprostatic barrier and create high concentrations of active ingredients in the prostate gland. This allows you to eliminate the focus of infection. For abacterial prostatitis, antimicrobial therapy is also prescribed, which is necessary for 2 reasons:
- Antibiotics significantly reduce the patient's condition.
- There is a strong possibility of microorganisms in secretions that are difficult to detect by laboratory methods on the prostate.
The antibiotic regimen for chronic pelvic pain syndrome is as follows:
- Fluoroquinolone or Doxycycline is prescribed for 2 weeks.
- A re-examination of the secretion of the prostate gland is performed and, with a decrease in symptoms, continues to take funds for up to 4 weeks.
Treat patients with asymptomatic prostatitis for the following instructions:
- infertility;
- before undergoing prostate surgery as prophylaxis;
- while identifying pathogenic microorganisms in secretions;
- with increased levels of antiprostatic antibodies in the blood and positive microbiological tests.
Other methods
For prostatitis, drugs from the alpha blocker group are prescribed. These funds increase the maximum and average urine flow rate, reduce the tone in the urethral wall and eliminate incomplete bladder neck openings during emptying. This effect eliminates phenomena such as:
- Frequent and painful urination;
- jet flow reduction;
- requires extra effort to remove urine.
Its special representatives are Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin and Doxazosin, it is very relevant in the form of chronic diseases.The course of treatment for this drug is at least 3 months.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as symptomatic therapy. They reduce inflammation, edema, and reduce pain. Drugs such as Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide and others are used. The duration of treatment with this agent should not exceed 4 weeks. The drug is taken strictly after meals, as it irritates the stomach wall.
In addition to pills, local treatments are also used. For this purpose, patients are given medications such as suppositories such as Vitaprost, Prostatilen, Uroprost, and others. They are also indicated for prostate adenoma.
Herbal medicine
Dwarf date extract is widely used in traditional medicine. The active ingredient reduces inflammation, edema and has a vasoprotective effect (strengthens the vascular wall).
The bark of the African plum tree has a similar effect.
Prostatilene has a natural origin. It is made from a cow's prostate gland. It has anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the phenomenon of prostate adenoma.
People's solution
Prostatitis can be treated with folk remedies. In the first place in terms of effectiveness - the use of pumpkin seed oil. You can buy this product at the pharmacy. Take for 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day, the course of treatment is 3-4 months.As a prophylaxis of prostate disease, all men can take 30 pumpkin seeds before eating once a day. You need to take it raw, because after roasting, its healing properties disappear.
For treatment, you can use pumpkin seeds provided according to the following recipe:
- 0, 5 kg of peeled seeds are ground in a meat grinder or blender.
- Add 200 g of honey to them and mix everything well.
- Forms a 2-3 cm ball.
Store in the refrigerator, take one portion 30 minutes before eating. This product should be chewed for 2-3 minutes and soluble, should not be swallowed. The course of treatment is 6 months.
Insertion of leaves or decoction of hazel bark has a healing effect on prostatitis. To prepare the first medicine, you need to take 1 tbsp. l. dried leaves and mixed in a glass of boiling water. You need to force it for 30 minutes and take 1/4 of the resulting solution 4 times a day. To boil from the bark, 1 tbsp. l. pour 200 ml of crushed raw material and cook in a water bath for 30 minutes. After that, the medicine should be cooled and taken 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
Parsley has a healing effect on prostatitis. It has anti-inflammatory effects and helps restore sexual activity. In this case, parsley juice is used. To do this, the vegetables are crushed to a state of gruel and squeeze the liquid from it through a thin cloth folded 3-4 times. Take for 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
Treat prostatitis at home and with medical ingredients. One of them is wormwood. It allows you to relieve inflammation and get rid of pathogens. It is taken dry in the first 3 days - it is absorbed into the mouth every 2-3 hours. The next four days reduced the number of banquets to 5. Every day, at night, they made microcliers from the grass.
For this you need to prepare an infusion: 1 tbsp. l. you need to take 1 liter of water. The composition should be boiled and left to cool to +40 degrees. After that, the solution must be filtered. An injection should be made into the anus (100 ml), as well as into the urethra (50 ml). The procedure should be performed within a week. They are shown in a chronic process.While doing douching and microclysters, the release of pus is possible - this is normal, which indicates the effectiveness of treatment.
Conclusion
In combination with the main methods of treating this disease, physiotherapy, prostate massage and organ acupuncture are used.
Living with chronic prostatitis means going through regular checkups and therapy, as there is a high probability of loss of reproductive function.